Fontan heart

Fontan disease
Fontan physiology
Fontan procedure

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Francis Fontan

For the French politician, see François Fontan. For the American plantation owner, see Francis Fontaine.

French cardiologist and surgeon

Francis Fontan (2 July 1929 – 14 January 2018) was a French cardiologist and cardiothoracic surgeon best known for developing the Fontan procedure, a surgical procedure used to treat some forms of congenital heart disease.

Early life and education

Fontan was born on 2 July 1929 in Nay, a small town in the French Pyrenees.^[1] He was the son of Victor Fontan and his wife Jeanne (née Larquey).^[2] Fontan's father was a cyclist who was leading the 1929 Tour de France before his bicycle was damaged in an accident, forcing him to withdraw from the race.^[3]

At age 17, Fontan entered the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Bordeaux before specializing in surgery, and later, paediatric cardiac surgery.^[4] During his internship, he was mentored by cardiac surgeon Georges Dubourg. He was affected by the death of a young teenager with tricuspid atresia, and Dubourg told him t

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Dr. Victoria Fontan is Professor of Peace and Security Studies at the American University Duhok Kurdistan. Her original specialization has been in insurgency studies, focusing on the role of humiliation in relation to the emergence of insurgencies, mostly in a Middle Eastern context. She has published on Lebanon and Iraq, and has worked on both countries for the first ten years of her academic career. She is now academically engaged in both Critical Terrorism Studies and Post-Liberal Peace Studies. Using both aforementioned sub-fields, she recently initiated a research project on resilience in peace and war in Fallujah, Iraq, at the War Studies Department of King's College London. She has conducted research in more than 15 countries on all continents (Burma, Colombia, DR Congo, Kashmir, Somalia, Syria, Yemen, etc) and is committed to teaching with an international focus. Her most recent book, Decolonizing Peace, was published in 2012 with Dignity Press. Its Spanish edition came out in 2013 with Javeriana University Press, Colombia. She is currently finishing her third monogra

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How I Became an Architect

I am Jorge Fontan an architect in New York and owner of Fontan Architecture. I have been blogging for a few years now on architectural issues, mostly technical or project-specific posts, to offer information to my readers. This time I would like to write a more personal post on how and why I became an architect. Lets get started.

Early Life

I always had a tendency towards creativity and making things. As a child I would make my own comic books although the drawings were terrible. Anyone who knows me knows I cannot draw by hand and I only draw with computer programs. I also grew up playing Legos. My grandmother told me even at a young age she thought I would be an architect because while my siblings and cousins where running around I would sit in the corner playing with blocks. I guess she called it.

I grew up immersed in the construction industry as my father was a general contractor who worked on home renovations and small commercial projects. He would always have me help in some way or another. I learned how to work with my hands at a very