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The horse (Equus ferus caballus) is one of the most useful and beloved of God’s wonderful creatures. Even in the rocket age there are approximately 60 million horses in the world. In America, horses are a $39 billion industry that employS 4.6 million people.

Humans have been interacting with horses since creation. They are used for transportation, work, sport, pleasure, meat (eaten by the French), milk, leather, pharmaceuticals, and other things.

Historically, horses were used extensively in warfare. During World War II, an estimated 6 million horses were employed. Even in the age of mechanization, horses are still widely used in agriculture and police work.

The lifestyle of many groups of people was inseparable from the horse. These include Arabian nomads and some North America Indian tribes beginning in the 16th century.

In fact, man’s use of the horse is so extensive that there is a vast specialized vocabulary for describing everything from its anatomy and behavior to its color and markings. An extensive variety of riding styles, driving techniques, and

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The Ancestry of Modern Horses

The story of the modern horse, Equus caballus, is a remarkable journey through evolution, adaptation, and human interaction that spans millions of years. The transformation from a small forest-dwelling creature to the majestic beings you and your horses represent today is not just a tale of biological evolution, but also a narrative deeply intertwined with human history.

Origin of Horses: From Eohippus to Equus

The earliest known ancestor of the modern horse was a small, multi-toed creature known as Eohippus, which lived approximately 55 million years ago. These early equines were about the size of a small dog, and their structure was vastly different from the large, single-hoofed animals we are familiar with today. Over time, through a series of evolutionary stages marked by climatic and geographical changes, these early equines adapted to varying environments.

As grasslands replaced forests, a pivotal change occurred in the Eocene epoch, giving rise to the genus Mesohippus. These creatures showed a noticeable increase in size and started showing

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History Of The Horse

1. Author: Tricia Weldon For more information on this author go to: anandaranch.org

2. Prehistoric Horse The horse as we know it today is descended from a small, primitive, four-toed animal. Prehistoric horses stood only about 4.5 feet high at the shoulder. Approximately fifteen million generations later, Equus evolved as the first “true horse.” Equus migrated from North America throughout the world. Fossil remains have been discovered in Asia, Europe, and Africa as well as throughout North and South America.

3. Historical Background of Fossils In the 1870's, the paleontologist O.C. Marsh published a description of newly discovered horse fossils from North America. At the time, very few transitional fossils were known The sequence of horse fossils that Marsh described was a striking example of evolution taking place in a single lineage. Here, one could see the fossil species quot;Eohippusquot; transformed into an almost totally different-looking (and very familiar) descendent, Equus

4. Fossils As new fossils were discovered, though, it becam