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Jacob Bernoulli

Jacob Bernoulli (also known as James' or Jacques) (December 27, 1654 – August 16, 1705) was a Swiss mathematician. He mainly contributed to Analytic geometry, Probability theory, Variable calculus. Bernoulli's inequality which is often taught in high schools was named to honor him. Bernoulli, together with Newton and Leibniz, was considered the first ones who developed the Differential calculus and Integral but he researched deeper insights. His book on Probability Theory had not been published until 1713, 8 years after Bernoulli's death. He had a younger brother 12 years younger who was also a famous mathematician Johann Bernoulli. The Bernoulli family later had many talented mathematicians.

Jacob's parents compelled him to study philosophy and theology, which he greatly resented. He graduated from the University of Basel with a master's degree in philosophy in 1671 and a licentiate in theology in 1676.^[1]

Bernoulli family

Nicolaus Bernoull

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Jacob (Jacques) Bernoulli

Quick Info

Born

6 January 1655
Basel, Switzerland

Died

16 August 1705
Basel, Switzerland

Summary

Jacob Bernoulli was a Swiss mathematician who was the first to use the term integral. He studied the catenary, the curve of a suspended string. He was an early user of polar coordinates and discovered the isochrone.

Biography

Jacob Bernoulli's father, Nicolaus Bernoulli (1623-1708) inherited the spice business in Basel that had been set up by his own father, first in Amsterdam and then in Basel. The family, of Belgium origin, were refugees fleeing from persecution by the Spanish rulers of the Netherlands. Philip, the King of Spain, had sent the Duke of Alba to the Netherlands in 1567 with a large army to punish those opposed to Spanish rule, to enforce adherence to Roman Catholicism, and to re-establish Philip's authority. Alba set up the Council of Troubles which was a court that condemned over 12000 people but most, like the Bernoulli family who were of the Protestant faith, fled the country.

Nicolaus Bernoulli was an important c

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Jacob Bernoulli

Swiss mathematician (1655–1705)

For other family members named Jacob, see Bernoulli family.

Jacob Bernoulli^[a] (also known as James in English or Jacques in French; 6 January 1655 [O.S. 27 December 1654] – 16 August 1705) was one of the many prominent mathematicians in the Swiss Bernoulli family. He sided with Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz during the Leibniz–Newton calculus controversy and was an early proponent of Leibnizian calculus, which he made numerous contributions to; along with his brother Johann, he was one of the founders of the calculus of variations. He also discovered the fundamental mathematical constant e. However, his most important contribution was in the field of probability, where he derived the first version of the law of large numbers in his work Ars Conjectandi.^[3]

Biography

Jacob Bernoulli was born in Basel in the Old Swiss Confederacy. Following his father's wish, he studied theology and entered the ministry. But contrary to the desires of his parents,^[4] he also studied mathemati